• Issue 1 (2011)
• Issue 2 (2011)
• Issue 1 (2012)

Optimization and Realization of a Low-Cost Data Logger

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 117 - 122

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.009

by DJERROUD Salima, BOUDGHENE STAMBOULI Amine from University of Sciences and Technology of Oran (USTOMB) El M’nouar, 31024, B.P. 1505, Oran, Algeria

Abstract: The need often arises for building a low-cost system for characterizing solar module. The circuit presented in this paper may be classified as a low-cost datalogger for characterizing solar module. The basic idea to reduce the number of components is to use a software solution. So, the use of a μC has been taken into consideration when designing the circuit. Two important points are discussed in the context of this work. The first section looks at the development of an automatic characterization of PV module based on a microcontroller (μC 16F877A). We present in the second part a practical evaluation of the electrical performance of a solar module with amorphous silicon a-Si: H hybrid (thin film inorganic / organic substrate) in real-time operating conditions, facing south with an angle of 38 ° which is the optimum orientation for the city of Oran (Algeria). This work presents a practical approach to the characterization of a PV energy system, and gives an idea of the critical points where the design must be carefully optimized. read more... read less...

Keywords: Automatic measure, Amorphous silicon, PV hybrid module, Characterization, Thin film, Electrical performance.

The Management of Wastewater in SME/SMI and the Environmental and Economic Benefit Realized through the Implementation of PREMA and Decision Support Approach 'Case Studies'

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 111 - 116

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.008

by Youcef Smaili and Kamel Mouhammedi from UMBB, Boumérdés, Alegria, 35000

Abstract: The industry (SME /SMI) of developing countries must carry out enormous efforts to undertake actions as regards savings in water by lack of organization, evaluation and estimate of the economic and environmental losses generated. For correct these constraints and to ensure integration in the company of a reflection on the losses, the re-use and the recycling of water, it is imperative to set up a methodology of management allowing the perpetuation of the actions in the companies. The concept of PREMA® (profitable environmental management) based on the good-housekeeping and the NPO theory (non-product output) allows effects of synergy, opening the way with a process of continuous improvement and by consequently, to lead to a rational use of the resources. We identify, with the multi-criteria analysis method the various criteria of decision of the best solution. These criteria are classified this classification makes it possible to apprehend in an exhaustive way the decision issues in a top management. read more... read less...

Keywords: Decision support, PREMA method, multi-criteria analysis method, PROMETHE method

Water Management and Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) for Energy Production in Turkey

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 103 - 110

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.007

by Ibrahim Yuksel, Hasan Arman, Gokmen Ceribasi from Sakarya University, Technology Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey , College of Science, Geology Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 17551, Al-Ain, U.A.E.

Abstract: The burning of South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) region in Turkey is rich in water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers represent over 28% of the nation’s water supply by rivers. On the other hand, 85% of the total hydro capacity in operation has been developed by DSI, corresponding to 9,931 MW (49 hydro plants) and 35,795 GWh/year respectively. The largest and most comprehensive regional development project ever implemented by DSI in Turkey is "The Southeast Anatolian (GAP) Project", which is located in the region of Southeast Anatolia on the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and their tributaries, which originate in Turkey. The energy potential of the Tigris and Euphrates is estimated as 12,000 GW h and 35,000 GW h, respectively. These two rivers constitute 10% and 30% of the total hydroelectric energy potential. The GAP region with this capacity will supply 25% of Turkey's electricity and 85% of its hydroelectric energy. This paper deals with water management and south-eastern Anatolia project (GAP) for energy production in Turkey. read more... read less...

Keywords: Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), Hydroelectric, Water Resources, Turkey

The Law on Protection of Public Health with Respect of Environmental Friendly Production

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 99 - 101

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.006

by Fahrettin KORKMAZ from Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey, 25240

Abstract: The objective of this study is to descript law on protection of public health with respect of environmentally friendly production. Since everyone has the right to live in a healthy environment, it is duty of governments to improve environment quality, and to prevent environmental pollution. Law on safety and healthy environment should ensure everyone leads their lives in the world. Governments shall create good environment by utilizing public and private sectors prevents. In order to establish widespread safety and healthy environment, public health law, social insurance law, and Labor law have to be known by public and private sectors. All necessary measures against hazards provide healthy working places and accommodation. Some articles of law on protection of public health provide protection of young and child workers. Social insurance law is definition of occupational accident, disease, and compensatory obligation of employer. Labor law takes all measures, equipment's, inspects, information, and notification read more... read less...

Keywords: Research Cluster, Joint Research, Eco-Innovation, Employment, Agriculture

Assessment of Pollution Load from the Industrial Sector in Jordan

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 85 - 98

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.005

by Jamal O. Jaber, Tarek Tarawneh , Luay Hidimi , Amal Hijazi from Interdisciplinary Research Consultants, P.O.Box 13304, Amman 111942, Jordan , Sustainable Environmental and Energy Solutions, Amman, Jordan , On-sabbatical leave from the Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Amman, Jordan

Abstract: Industrial pollution is an area of growing environmental concern in Jordan. Although not a highly industrialized country, several major industries contribute to the pollution problem, especially in the central region. In this investigation, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which was developed by the Infrastructure and Environment Team of the World Bank, was used to estimate annual pollution load, on mass basis, resulting from industrial activities in Jordan. To achieve such goal, on the national level, a detailed description and analysis of all industrial activities in Jordan are presented and discussed in this paper. The main outcome of this study is that the industrial enterprises’ pollution pressures by far exceed those generated by the micro enterprises in all regions. The pollution caused by micro enterprises is the worst in Zarqa, which is mainly due to the concentration of such industries in this region and absence of sound environmental management as well as lack of enforcement of pertinent environmental regulations. From the cumulative ranking of the pollution load, it was found that Amman area, with the highest concentration of pollutants, ranked first and followed by Zarqa, and Irbid. But the issue of industries being registered in Amman Chamber of Industry and operating in other governorates caused some distortion in obtained results. Removing the effects of such industries, especially large ones, would reduce pollution indicators significantly within Amman region. read more... read less...

Keywords: Environmental analysis, Industry, Pollution load, Pollutants projection, Environmental modeling

Wastewater Characterization in the Sultanate of Oman

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 77 - 84

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.004

by AbdulRahim Al-Omairi, Mahad Baawain, Ahmed Al-Futaisi from Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhoud 123, Muscat, Oman

Abstract: This study focuses on characterizing the quality of domestic wastewater from six different sewage treatment plants (STP) in three regions in Oman: Muscat, Sohar and Salalah. The tested parameters are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, cations, anions, solids gravimetric tests (total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS)), and microbial content. Results revealed that, the raw sewages in all STPs can be categorized as high strength concentration. The values of pH for raw sewage (RS) and treated effluents (TE) were in the range of 6 to 7.5 for the entire sampling points in the six selected STPs. The EC values of the TEs for the six STPs were within the Omani Standards (OS) range of 2000 to 2700 μs/cm. Both BOD5 and COD values of TE were within the recommended limits by OS of 15 to 20 mg/L and 150 to 200 mg/L, respectively. Ammonia concentrations in TEs exceeded the acceptable range in most STPs. Fluoride, Chloride, Phosphate and Sulphate concentrations were within the acceptable ranges of OS. Nitrate concentration in TEs of two STPs exceeded the recommended limit. The average obtained values of the entire set of tested heavy metals were found within the stated limits by OS for TEs except for Mo. The TSS in TEs was above the acceptable range of 15 to 30 mg/L. However, the values of TDS for TEs were within the suitable range of 1500 to 2000 mg/L according to OS. The obtained values for E Coli were all acceptable except for one STP. read more... read less...

Keywords: Oman, Wastewater, Characterization, Physical Analysis, Chemical Analysis, Biological Analysis.

The Grape Leaf: a Bioindicator of Fluoride and Sulphur Dioxide Pollution

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 69 - 76

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.003

by Nesrine Rhimi , Mouhiba Ben Nasri-Ayachi , F. Ben Abdallah, from Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, laboratoire d’écologie végétale, Département des Sciences de la vie. Sfax- Tunisie , Laboratoire de Botanique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie

Abstract: The effects of fluorine and sulphur pollution are studied on three local vine variety trees: Asli, Jerbi and Tounsi. Each growing in the vicinity of a phosphate fertilizers producing factory in the southern suburb of the Sfax region. Our results show that, thanks to its great surface, the grape leaf could be used as a good indicator of air and plant pollution. It reflects the nature of the pollutant as well as the degree of morphological and physiological alterations. The grapevine seems to be endowed within its leaves with a fluorine external concentration mechanism in which calcium and magnesium are respectively associated, allowing it to accumulate alien elements, as fluorine, for plant metabolism in leaf tissues extremities. Therefore, a great proportion of leaf assimilatory surfaces are preserved and the plant can survive in such restrictive conditions. However, fluorine accumulation seems to be balanced by a parallel accumulation of calcium. When calcium is no more available, Mg is taken from the chlorophyll molecule, and therefore damages may appear as specific and typical symptoms of fluorine pollution. The photosynthesis of healthy leaf areas can proceed as long as disposable Mg in grape leaf central parts is at an adequate level ensuring the cell smooth running. This would not occur unless fluorine is trapped by calcium. Moreover, increasing phosphorus concentration seems to be a strategy adopted by the grapevine to reduce fluorine damage intensity as much as possible. The subdivision of leaf necrotic areas into necrotic halos could be an efficient means to estimate, within Vitis vinifera species, the sensitivity degree of varieties to pollution. Considering this criterion, Asli proved to be more tolerant to air pollution than Jerbi and Tounsi read more... read less...

Keywords: Necrotic halos, bio-indicator, translocation, fluorine external concentration mechanism, calcium, phosphorus

Some Features and Important of Forage kochia (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.) in Natural Areas of Konya

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 65 - 68

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.002

by Ramazan Acar, Sukru Dursun from Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Agronomy Department, Campus, 42003 Konya - TURKEY , Selcuk University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Campus, Konya - TURKEY

Abstract: Forage kochia is a plant of the more arid, hot and cold regions. Forage kochia naturally growth or is being grown in unsuitable areas (deserts and rocky areas, such as clay and salty soil) that other plants cannot compete with it. This plant has grown up easily and adapted to different temperatures and habitat in many regions of the world. There are very few plants which have these adaptation characters. When is Forage kochia grown in a wide range, different ecotypes were formed? Some morphological differences can be seen in Forage kochia when is grown in the steppe, sandy areas, clayey areas and mountainous (rocky) places. Forage kochia can be found a peculiarity at the natural pasture in many places of Turkey. It is better for evaluation of the disrupted natural balance with increases global warming, water resources reducing with improper usage and is important to gain marginal areas and rangelands by creating the locations of the economy direction. At the same time Forage kochia is a plant that can be used for erosion prevention work. read more... read less...

Keywords: Forage Kochia, Animal Feed, Erosion Prevent, Drough

Indoor Air Quality in Loose Dairy Housing in Spring and the Effects of Gas Emission on Environmental Pollution

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 2 (2011), PP 59 - 64

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.001

by Selda UZAL SEYFI , Sukru DURSUN from Department of Farm Structure and Irrigation Selcuk University, Konya, 42003 TURKEY , Department of Environmental Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, 42003 TURKEY

Abstract: Indoor air quality is one of the important factors for human being and animals in livestock which must be taken consideration with fastidiously. Manure contains many organic compounds that may be decomposed at different climatic condition. Mineralisation period may be affected by environmental conditions. This study has been carried out to determine climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity etc.) harmful gases (NH3, CH4, H2S) occurring in barn and O2 have been measured in loose dairy houses in spring season (1-14 March) of 2008 in Konya-Turkey where little data is currently available on this subject. The air quality parameters have been collected by using data logger and multigap monitor during 14 days for a Dairy Cattle Company. In this study, hydrogen sulphide values are nearly detectable level or less then this value. Because, H2S is most dangerous gas livestock buildings, then NH3 fallows. CH4 was not measurable level. Oxygen level was not critical level for livestock buildings and sometimes changed about 1%. In this study, climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity) harmful gases (NH3, CH4, H2S) occurring in barn and O2 have been measured in loose dairy houses in experimental days. The effects of harmful gases occurring in barns on animal health and air quality of environment have been endeavoured to determine. However, we tried to investigate effect of air quality parameters for animal housings and human that work in barn, and environment pollution read more... read less...

Keywords: Air quality, ammonia, loose housing, environmental pollution, livestock building, hydrogen sulphide

Phosphorus-Sorption Characteristics of Calcareous Soils in Arid and Semi Arid Regions

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 53 - 58

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.009

by Kholoud Mashal, Mohammed Al-Qinna, Jwan Ibbini from Department of Land Management and Environment, Hashemite university , Zarqa, Jordan

Abstract: Understanding of phosphorus (P) sorption and desorption by soils is important for water quality. The objectives of this study are to: (1) estimate P-sorption parameters of calcareous soils; and (2) determine the factors affecting P sorption and the relation between equilibrium P concentration at zero-net P sorption (EPCo) and soil parameters. In this study selected samples of calcareous soils (CaCO3 % 34-60) were collected from the Al-Hashemiya area. Phosphorus sorption isotherms covering a wide concentration range of phosphate (0-500 mg/L phosphate) were determined at room temperature by batch experiments. The results indicate that as the P concentration in solution increased, the slope of the sorption isotherm changed abruptly. The abrupt change in slope of the sorption isotherms suggests that P precipitation at the carbonate surface began to dominate the process as concentrations increased beyond that of the point of inflection. Sorption isotherm results showed that these soils best fit Freundlich isotherm. Both Pearson correlation matrix and stepwise regression models indicated that Fe-oxide and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) are the most significant effective (P<0.05) predictors on P availability and occurrence in calcareous soils, while carbonate content, soil pH, EC, and OM content were insignificant on P availability read more... read less...

Keywords: phosphorus, sorption, Freundlich, CEC, desorption

Power Quality Event Recognition and Classification Using a WaveletBased Neural Network

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 45 - 52

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.008

by G. Viskadouros, G. Stavrakakis, and E. Ellinaki from Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece, 73100

Abstract: In the late 20th century has been observed an enormous increase in electronic equipment. These new generations of electronic equipment became progressively sensitive to power quality disturbances. Therefore, monitoring and detection of power quality disturbances has become a significant issue. The main purpose of this paper is to find, present, test and evaluate a new technique that is being used for power quality monitoring and classification. This is a “Wavelet based Probabilistic Neural-Network (PNN) technique”. The wavelet based PNN method was implemented in the Matlab platform and tested with data that have been acquired from the Public Power Corporation (PPC) Power Supply Station in Katsmas at Heraklion, Crete Island, Greece. Those data were acquired via the Series 5500 Dual - Node, a Power Quality Monitoring Device that was installed at the capacitors’ 13.8kV busbar of the facility. The results of the algorithm used were evaluated, compared, and some final conclusions came up, regarding their effectiveness and their flexibility. read more... read less...

Keywords: Keywords: Power Quality, power monitoring and efficiency, power disturbances, PNN, wavelets transform

The Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Simulation of Biological CH4 Oxidation in Landfill Bio-Covers

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 37 - 44

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.007

by Muna Albanna, Mostafa Warith, and Leta Fernandes from Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman 11185 Jordan, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada

Abstract: Biological methane (CH4) oxidation in landfill cover system plays an important role in reducing CH4 emissions from landfill sites into the atmosphere. The oxidation rate depends on different environmental factors, mostly temperature and moisture content. The non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) present in landfill gas can affect the extent of biological CH4 oxidation rates expected in the cover system. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are non-linear statistical modeling tools that can be used to model complex relationships between input and output data sets to find and learn their performance patterns. The purpose of this study is to develop a model based on ANN to estimate the CH4 oxidation rates in landfill bio-covers under various levels of temperature, moisture content and NMOCs concentration. The best model for prediction of CH4 oxidation rates was selected based on minimum errors and highest coefficient of determination values. The selected model successfully simulated the effect of each input data on the oxidation capacity of the biocover. read more... read less...

Keywords: biological oxidation, methane, landfill cover, artificial neural networks, moisture content, temperature, nonmethane organic compounds

The study of the use of mycorrhizae, barley and common vetch in the remediation of Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Ni and Al contaminated soils on old mine sites

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 33 - 36

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.006

by Aysen AKAY, Emel KARAARSLAN from Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science Konya-Turkey

Abstract: n the present study, the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and barley and common vetch production on the remediation of Pb, Zn, CD, As, Ni and Al contaminated soils on old mine sites was examined. For this purpose, two types of barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Karatay-94 and Larenda) and a type of common vetch (Vicia sativa) (Tamkoc-2000) which are widely cultivated in the Konya province of Turkey, where the study was conducted, were used as test plants. Furthermore, Mossie type mycorrhiza inoculation was also implemented on the plants. The total heavy metal contents of the soils used in the experiment were as follows: 10.000 mg Pb kg-1 soil, 10.000 mg Zn kg-1 soil, 254.7 mg Cd kg-1 soil, 39 mg as kg-1 soil, 43.7 mg Ni kg-1 soil and 5.84 % Al. In the study, three different soil mixtures were used as growth medium. These were 1) pure mine soil, 2) 1 unit mine soil + 2 units sand and peat mixture, 3) 2 units mine soil + 1 unit sand and peat mixture. The pots were inoculated with Glomus Mossie during the planting process. The growth of plants inoculated and not inoculated with mycorrhizae was observed and inoculation, root weight, stems weight and root length values were measured. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that plants inoculated with Mossie showed better growth and their root growth and stem growth were much better when compared to plants which were not inoculated with mycorrhizae. When the plants were compared, it was found that common vetch showed better growth compared to two types of barley. Heavy metal uptake levels of the plants were also determined as the result of the experiments. read more... read less...

Keywords: Mycorrhizae, heavy metals, barley, common vetch, Pb, Zn, Ni, As

Land-use Change Scenarios for the Jordan River Region

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 25 - 31

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.005

by Jennifer Kocha, Janina Onigkeit, Rüdiger Schaldach, Joseph Alcamo, Martin Köchy, Heinz-Peter Wolff, Iddo Kan from Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany, 34109, Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany, 14469, Ostfildern, Germany, 73760 , Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 31905

Abstract: In order to develop pathways to increase the benefits from regional water resources for humans and ecosystems, the GLOWA Jordan River project comprises the elaboration of regional development scenarios for Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority. Since land-use change strongly affects water quantity and quality as well as biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, land-use change scenarios form an essential part of these regional development scenarios. We have applied the spatially explicit land-use change model Landshut's as integration tool within the scenario analysis of GLOWA Jordan River in order to develop land-use change scenarios for Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority up to 2050. The objective of this paper is to present the four resulting spatially explicit land-use change scenarios. All four scenarios show an increase in urban and built-up area and agricultural area by 2050. Two of these scenarios stand out due to strong rangeland expansion. Reasons are a large increase in livestock numbers and the application of a sustainable rangeland management strategy, respectively. We discuss possible future environmental problems and potential subsequent applications of the land-use change scenarios in form of environmental impact studies. Furthermore, we highlight necessary enhancements of the land-use change scenarios. read more... read less...

Keywords: Middle East, Story and Simulation Approach, GLOWA Jordan River, land-use change, LandSHIFT.R

Pre-Treatment of Crude Palm Oil Using Super Acid for Biodiesel Production

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 19 - 24

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.004

by Mohd Ali Hashim, Adeeb Hayyan, Farouq S. Mjalli, Maan Hayyan, Inas M. AlNashef from Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Petroleum & Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman , King Saud University, Chemical Engineering Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Malaysia, as one of the biggest palm oil producers and exporters in the world, produces large amount of crude palm oil (CPO) from its mills. Due to the high free fatty acids content (FFA) in CPO, the alkali catalysed transesterification to produce biodiesel gives low biodiesel yield because FFA reacts with alkali to produce soap. To resolve this problem, esterification reaction was used to convert FFA to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). In this study, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) was used in the pre-treatment of CPO by esterification process. The purpose of pre-treatment process was to reduce the FFA content in CPO to a minimum level for biodiesel production. Esterification process of CPO was carried out to evaluate TfOH as a super acid catalyst. The optimum conditions showed that the FFA of CPO was reduced from 8.3% to less than 0.5% FFA and the yield of treated CPO and conversion of FFA to FAME were 95% and 97% respectively. read more... read less...

Keywords: Biodiesel; Esterification; Free fatty acids; Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid

Network Design for End of Life Vehicles Recovery in Countries with Developing Economy

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 5 - 11

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.002

by Nermine A. Harraz, Noha Galal from Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt, 21934 , Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, 21544 , Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt

Abstract: This paper aims at establishing a visible and traceable system for recovering End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) in a sustainable manner. The target is to cease the inefficient and scattered practices associated with ELVs, and simultaneously enhance the recycling and reuse activities and implementing life cycle management practices in regions with developing economies and Labor intensive aspect. To tackle this problem a mixed integer linear goal programming (MILGP) model is developed. The solution of the model helps deciding on the location of the recovery facilities in addition to the number of parts and assemblies headed to different End of Life (EOL) options. The effect of the model parameters on the network design is examined. The results may be used as a guide in setting recovery targets and environmental regulations controlling the activities of ELVs treatment read more... read less...

Keywords: Recovery Network Design, End of Life Vehicles, Sustainability, Goal Programming, Reverse Logistics

Polysilicon Micro Pirani Vacuum Gauge

SWES, volume-03 , Issue 1 (2011), PP 1 - 4

Published: 09 Dec 2010

DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.01.001

by Moh’d Sami Ashhab , Firas Makahleh from Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan

Abstract: A new Polysilicon Micro Pirani vacuum gauge that has a perforated grill structure with two parallel bridges has been designed and the fabrication method was established. A bridge with patterned square shape holes of poly-Si was formed on (100) silicon substrate. The bridge is suspended is suspended by its ends. This structure provides large active area and better heat distribution across the sensor, therefore improving full scale range of sensor. To optimize the shape, different sensor lengths and width were studied. Simulation with ANSYS software is used to study the deformation of the bridge due to its weight. Fabrication method of the sensor is fully explained. The sensor working pressure range is 10-4 mbar to 1000 mbar read more... read less...

Keywords: Pressure Vacuum Gauge, Heat Distribution, Polysilicon, Micro Scale