volume-03-Issue 2 (2011)
Latest Articles
Optimization and Realization of a Low-Cost Data Logger
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 117 - 122
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.009
by DJERROUD Salima, BOUDGHENE STAMBOULI Amine from University of Sciences and Technology of Oran (USTOMB) El M’nouar, 31024, B.P. 1505, Oran, Algeria
Abstract: The need often arises for building a low-cost system for characterizing solar module. The circuit presented in this paper may be classified as a low-cost datalogger for characterizing solar module. The basic idea to reduce the number of components is to use a software solution. So, the use of a μC has been taken into consideration when designing the circuit. Two important points are discussed in the context of this work. The first section looks at the development of an automatic characterization of PV module based on a microcontroller (μC 16F877A). We present in the second part a practical evaluation of the electrical performance of a solar module with amorphous silicon a-Si: H hybrid (thin film inorganic / organic substrate) in real-time operating conditions, facing south with an angle of 38 ° which is the optimum orientation for the city of Oran (Algeria). This work presents a practical approach to the characterization of a PV energy system, and gives an idea of the critical points where the design must be carefully optimized. read more... read less...
Keywords: Automatic measure, Amorphous silicon, PV hybrid module, Characterization, Thin film, Electrical performance.
The Management of Wastewater in SME/SMI and the Environmental and Economic Benefit Realized through the Implementation of PREMA and Decision Support Approach 'Case Studies'
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 111 - 116
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.008
by Youcef Smaili and Kamel Mouhammedi from UMBB, Boumérdés, Alegria, 35000
Abstract: The industry (SME /SMI) of developing countries must carry out enormous efforts to undertake actions as regards savings in water by lack of organization, evaluation and estimate of the economic and environmental losses generated. For correct these constraints and to ensure integration in the company of a reflection on the losses, the re-use and the recycling of water, it is imperative to set up a methodology of management allowing the perpetuation of the actions in the companies. The concept of PREMA® (profitable environmental management) based on the good-housekeeping and the NPO theory (non-product output) allows effects of synergy, opening the way with a process of continuous improvement and by consequently, to lead to a rational use of the resources. We identify, with the multi-criteria analysis method the various criteria of decision of the best solution. These criteria are classified this classification makes it possible to apprehend in an exhaustive way the decision issues in a top management. read more... read less...
Keywords: Decision support, PREMA method, multi-criteria analysis method, PROMETHE method
Water Management and Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) for Energy Production in Turkey
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 103 - 110
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.007
by Ibrahim Yuksel, Hasan Arman, Gokmen Ceribasi from Sakarya University, Technology Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey , College of Science, Geology Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 17551, Al-Ain, U.A.E.
Abstract: The burning of South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) region in Turkey is rich in water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers represent over 28% of the nation’s water supply by rivers. On the other hand, 85% of the total hydro capacity in operation has been developed by DSI, corresponding to 9,931 MW (49 hydro plants) and 35,795 GWh/year respectively. The largest and most comprehensive regional development project ever implemented by DSI in Turkey is "The Southeast Anatolian (GAP) Project", which is located in the region of Southeast Anatolia on the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and their tributaries, which originate in Turkey. The energy potential of the Tigris and Euphrates is estimated as 12,000 GW h and 35,000 GW h, respectively. These two rivers constitute 10% and 30% of the total hydroelectric energy potential. The GAP region with this capacity will supply 25% of Turkey's electricity and 85% of its hydroelectric energy. This paper deals with water management and south-eastern Anatolia project (GAP) for energy production in Turkey. read more... read less...
Keywords: Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), Hydroelectric, Water Resources, Turkey
The Law on Protection of Public Health with Respect of Environmental Friendly Production
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 99 - 101
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.006
by Fahrettin KORKMAZ from Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey, 25240
Abstract: The objective of this study is to descript law on protection of public health with respect of environmentally friendly production. Since everyone has the right to live in a healthy environment, it is duty of governments to improve environment quality, and to prevent environmental pollution. Law on safety and healthy environment should ensure everyone leads their lives in the world. Governments shall create good environment by utilizing public and private sectors prevents. In order to establish widespread safety and healthy environment, public health law, social insurance law, and Labor law have to be known by public and private sectors. All necessary measures against hazards provide healthy working places and accommodation. Some articles of law on protection of public health provide protection of young and child workers. Social insurance law is definition of occupational accident, disease, and compensatory obligation of employer. Labor law takes all measures, equipment's, inspects, information, and notification read more... read less...
Keywords: Research Cluster, Joint Research, Eco-Innovation, Employment, Agriculture
Assessment of Pollution Load from the Industrial Sector in Jordan
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 85 - 98
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.005
by Jamal O. Jaber, Tarek Tarawneh , Luay Hidimi , Amal Hijazi from Interdisciplinary Research Consultants, P.O.Box 13304, Amman 111942, Jordan , Sustainable Environmental and Energy Solutions, Amman, Jordan , On-sabbatical leave from the Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Amman, Jordan
Abstract: Industrial pollution is an area of growing environmental concern in Jordan. Although not a highly industrialized country, several major industries contribute to the pollution problem, especially in the central region. In this investigation, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which was developed by the Infrastructure and Environment Team of the World Bank, was used to estimate annual pollution load, on mass basis, resulting from industrial activities in Jordan. To achieve such goal, on the national level, a detailed description and analysis of all industrial activities in Jordan are presented and discussed in this paper. The main outcome of this study is that the industrial enterprises’ pollution pressures by far exceed those generated by the micro enterprises in all regions. The pollution caused by micro enterprises is the worst in Zarqa, which is mainly due to the concentration of such industries in this region and absence of sound environmental management as well as lack of enforcement of pertinent environmental regulations. From the cumulative ranking of the pollution load, it was found that Amman area, with the highest concentration of pollutants, ranked first and followed by Zarqa, and Irbid. But the issue of industries being registered in Amman Chamber of Industry and operating in other governorates caused some distortion in obtained results. Removing the effects of such industries, especially large ones, would reduce pollution indicators significantly within Amman region. read more... read less...
Keywords: Environmental analysis, Industry, Pollution load, Pollutants projection, Environmental modeling
Wastewater Characterization in the Sultanate of Oman
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 77 - 84
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.004
by AbdulRahim Al-Omairi, Mahad Baawain, Ahmed Al-Futaisi from Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhoud 123, Muscat, Oman
Abstract: This study focuses on characterizing the quality of domestic wastewater from six different sewage treatment plants (STP) in three regions in Oman: Muscat, Sohar and Salalah. The tested parameters are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, cations, anions, solids gravimetric tests (total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS)), and microbial content. Results revealed that, the raw sewages in all STPs can be categorized as high strength concentration. The values of pH for raw sewage (RS) and treated effluents (TE) were in the range of 6 to 7.5 for the entire sampling points in the six selected STPs. The EC values of the TEs for the six STPs were within the Omani Standards (OS) range of 2000 to 2700 μs/cm. Both BOD5 and COD values of TE were within the recommended limits by OS of 15 to 20 mg/L and 150 to 200 mg/L, respectively. Ammonia concentrations in TEs exceeded the acceptable range in most STPs. Fluoride, Chloride, Phosphate and Sulphate concentrations were within the acceptable ranges of OS. Nitrate concentration in TEs of two STPs exceeded the recommended limit. The average obtained values of the entire set of tested heavy metals were found within the stated limits by OS for TEs except for Mo. The TSS in TEs was above the acceptable range of 15 to 30 mg/L. However, the values of TDS for TEs were within the suitable range of 1500 to 2000 mg/L according to OS. The obtained values for E Coli were all acceptable except for one STP. read more... read less...
Keywords: Oman, Wastewater, Characterization, Physical Analysis, Chemical Analysis, Biological Analysis.
The Grape Leaf: a Bioindicator of Fluoride and Sulphur Dioxide Pollution
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 69 - 76
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.003
by Nesrine Rhimi , Mouhiba Ben Nasri-Ayachi , F. Ben Abdallah, from Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, laboratoire d’écologie végétale, Département des Sciences de la vie. Sfax- Tunisie , Laboratoire de Botanique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie
Abstract: The effects of fluorine and sulphur pollution are studied on three local vine variety trees: Asli, Jerbi and Tounsi. Each growing in the vicinity of a phosphate fertilizers producing factory in the southern suburb of the Sfax region. Our results show that, thanks to its great surface, the grape leaf could be used as a good indicator of air and plant pollution. It reflects the nature of the pollutant as well as the degree of morphological and physiological alterations. The grapevine seems to be endowed within its leaves with a fluorine external concentration mechanism in which calcium and magnesium are respectively associated, allowing it to accumulate alien elements, as fluorine, for plant metabolism in leaf tissues extremities. Therefore, a great proportion of leaf assimilatory surfaces are preserved and the plant can survive in such restrictive conditions. However, fluorine accumulation seems to be balanced by a parallel accumulation of calcium. When calcium is no more available, Mg is taken from the chlorophyll molecule, and therefore damages may appear as specific and typical symptoms of fluorine pollution. The photosynthesis of healthy leaf areas can proceed as long as disposable Mg in grape leaf central parts is at an adequate level ensuring the cell smooth running. This would not occur unless fluorine is trapped by calcium. Moreover, increasing phosphorus concentration seems to be a strategy adopted by the grapevine to reduce fluorine damage intensity as much as possible. The subdivision of leaf necrotic areas into necrotic halos could be an efficient means to estimate, within Vitis vinifera species, the sensitivity degree of varieties to pollution. Considering this criterion, Asli proved to be more tolerant to air pollution than Jerbi and Tounsi read more... read less...
Keywords: Necrotic halos, bio-indicator, translocation, fluorine external concentration mechanism, calcium, phosphorus
Some Features and Important of Forage kochia (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.) in Natural Areas of Konya
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 65 - 68
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.002
by Ramazan Acar, Sukru Dursun from Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Agronomy Department, Campus, 42003 Konya - TURKEY , Selcuk University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Campus, Konya - TURKEY
Abstract: Forage kochia is a plant of the more arid, hot and cold regions. Forage kochia naturally growth or is being grown in unsuitable areas (deserts and rocky areas, such as clay and salty soil) that other plants cannot compete with it. This plant has grown up easily and adapted to different temperatures and habitat in many regions of the world. There are very few plants which have these adaptation characters. When is Forage kochia grown in a wide range, different ecotypes were formed? Some morphological differences can be seen in Forage kochia when is grown in the steppe, sandy areas, clayey areas and mountainous (rocky) places. Forage kochia can be found a peculiarity at the natural pasture in many places of Turkey. It is better for evaluation of the disrupted natural balance with increases global warming, water resources reducing with improper usage and is important to gain marginal areas and rangelands by creating the locations of the economy direction. At the same time Forage kochia is a plant that can be used for erosion prevention work. read more... read less...
Keywords: Forage Kochia, Animal Feed, Erosion Prevent, Drough
Indoor Air Quality in Loose Dairy Housing in Spring and the Effects of Gas Emission on Environmental Pollution
SWES, volume-03, Issue 2 (2011) , PP 59 - 64
Published: 09 Dec 2010
DOI: 10.5383/swes.03.02.001
by Selda UZAL SEYFI , Sukru DURSUN from Department of Farm Structure and Irrigation Selcuk University, Konya, 42003 TURKEY , Department of Environmental Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, 42003 TURKEY
Abstract: Indoor air quality is one of the important factors for human being and animals in livestock which must be taken consideration with fastidiously. Manure contains many organic compounds that may be decomposed at different climatic condition. Mineralisation period may be affected by environmental conditions. This study has been carried out to determine climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity etc.) harmful gases (NH3, CH4, H2S) occurring in barn and O2 have been measured in loose dairy houses in spring season (1-14 March) of 2008 in Konya-Turkey where little data is currently available on this subject. The air quality parameters have been collected by using data logger and multigap monitor during 14 days for a Dairy Cattle Company. In this study, hydrogen sulphide values are nearly detectable level or less then this value. Because, H2S is most dangerous gas livestock buildings, then NH3 fallows. CH4 was not measurable level. Oxygen level was not critical level for livestock buildings and sometimes changed about 1%. In this study, climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity) harmful gases (NH3, CH4, H2S) occurring in barn and O2 have been measured in loose dairy houses in experimental days. The effects of harmful gases occurring in barns on animal health and air quality of environment have been endeavoured to determine. However, we tried to investigate effect of air quality parameters for animal housings and human that work in barn, and environment pollution read more... read less...
Keywords: Air quality, ammonia, loose housing, environmental pollution, livestock building, hydrogen sulphide